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Arditi, D and Chotibhongs, R (2009) Detection and prevention of unbalanced bids. Construction Management and Economics, 27(08), 721–32.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords: bids; mathematical models; financial management; construction costs; optimization
  • ISBN/ISSN: 0144-6193
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190903117785
  • Abstract:
    Unbalanced bidding is a serious problem for the construction owner because it may increase the cost of construction The most common way to mathematically unbalance a bid is frontloading where a bidder overstates the unit price of line items scheduled to be performed early in the project and understates the unit price of line items performed later. A bidder can also overstate the unit price of a line item whose quantity was somehow underrated by the engineer. If the owner proves that a mathematically unbalanced bid costs more to perform, the bid is said to be materially unbalanced, in which case the owner can reject the bid. A model is presented that formalizes and automates the process of detecting mathematically and materially unbalanced bids by comparing line item prices with the engineer’s estimates and the average prices offered by the bidders. This model allows owners to detect and reject unbalanced bids, and deters bidders from unbalancing their bid.

Choi, K, Lee, E-B, Ibbs, C W and Kim, Y W (2009) Multifaceted public outreach and cost–benefit analysis for its effectiveness validation. Construction Management and Economics, 27(08), 771–82.

Hyari, K H, El-Rayes, K and El-Mashaleh, M (2009) Automated trade-off between time and cost in planning repetitive construction projects. Construction Management and Economics, 27(08), 749–61.

Ilozor, B D (2009) Differential management of waste by construction sectors: a case study in Michigan, USA. Construction Management and Economics, 27(08), 763–70.

Javernick-Will, A N (2009) Organizational learning during internationalization: acquiring local institutional knowledge. Construction Management and Economics, 27(08), 783–97.

Voordijk, H (2009) Construction management and economics: the epistemology of a multidisciplinary design science. Construction Management and Economics, 27(08), 713–20.

Yu, W-d, Chang, P-l, Yao, S-H and Liu, S-J (2009) KVAM: model for measuring knowledge management performance of engineering community of practice. Construction Management and Economics, 27(08), 733–47.